Anaphylactic shock
| Anaphylactic shock is a severe allergic reaction that may occur following an insect sting or after eating certain foods, such as peanuts. The reaction can be fast, developing within seconds or minutes of contact with the trigger. Triggers include nuts, shellfish, eggs, wasp and bee stings, latex and certain medications.
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During an anaphylactic reaction, chemicals are released into the blood that widen (dilate) blood vessels and cause blood pressure to fall. Air passages then narrow (constrict), resulting in breathing difficulties. In addition, the tongue and throat can swell, obstructing the airway.
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A casualty with anaphylactic shock will need urgent medical help as this can be fatal.
Signs and symptoms
- Anxiety
- Breathing difficulties and wheezing
- Blotchy, red skin or itchy rash
- Swollen face, neck, hands or feet
- Swelling of tongue and throat with puffiness around the eyes
- Fast pulse
- Abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhoea
If you suspect a casualty is suffering from anaphylactic shock follow the steps below:
1. Call 999
2. Check if the casualty is carrying any medication. Some people know they suffer from this condition and carry epinephrine (adrenaline) with them, often in the form of a pre-loaded syringe called an auto-injector. You can help the casualty to administer the medication or, if you are trained to do so, administer it yourself.
3. Help the casualty into a sitting position to relieve any breathing problems.
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If you would like to learn more techniques, why not look at our range of first aid courses throughout the UK?
Call 0844 871 8000 or email firstaid@redcross.org.uk
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